Hollow or double walled structure.



No. 698,452. Patented Apr. 29, I902.-

A. DECLAIRMONT. HOLLOW 0R DOUBLE WALLED STRUCTURE.

(Application filed Aug. 30; 1901.) (NoMudeL) THE uaRms versus 00..PHDT-JLITHO wnsmns'ron n c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ADOLFO DE CLAIRMONT, OF TOPEKA, KANSAS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO T. D.HUMPHREYS, OF TOPEKA, KANSAS.

HOLLOW on DOUBLEWALLED STRUCTURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 698,452, dated April29, 1902.

Application filed August 30, 1901. Serial'flo. 73,310. (N d l.)

To all whmn it may concern:

Be it known that I,ADoLro DE CLAIRMONT, a citizen of the United States,residing at Topeka, in the county of Shawnee andState of Kansas, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Hollow or Double WalledStructures; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enlo able othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to hollow or double walled structures having theair exhausted from the hollow space to retard the penetra- |5 tion ofheat-rays. As the exhaustion of the air is effected the walls tend tomove inward by the excess of external atmospheric pressure. To preventcollapse of the walls and to indicate the degree of rarefaction of theair in the space between the walls are the chief characteristic featuresof the present invention.

For a full description of the invention and the merits thereof and alsoto acquire a knowledge of the details of construction of the means foreffecting the result reference is to be had to the following descriptionand drawings hereto attached.

While the essential and characteristic fea- 0 tures of theinvention aresusceptible of modification, still the preferred embodiment oftheinvention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which IFigure 1 is a perspective view of a hollow 3 5 or double wall,showingthe application of the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section about onthe line X X of Fig. 1 looking to the right, as indicated by the arrow.Fig. 3 is a horizontal section about on the line Y Y of Fig. 1,

showing the relation of the parts prior to exhaustion of the air fromthe space iuclosed between the walls. Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig.3, showing the relation of the parts after the air has been exhausted.Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the S-shaped brace interposed betweenthe walls for preventing collapse thereof. Fig. 6 is a perspective Viewof a wall, showing the seat provided therein for the reception of anedge portion of the S-shaped brace.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the followingdescription and indicated in all the views of the drawings by the samereference characters.

The-hollow wall may be of any shape, size, and relative position, andthe space iuclosed between the walls may be of any transverse extent,according to the specific purpose of the structure. The walls 1 and 2are connected at their respective edges in any substantial and selectedway, so as to hermetic: ally seal the space iuclosed therebetween, andin order to admitof exhaustion of the air from the space a valved nippleor pipe 3 is provided for attaohment therewith of a pump or otherair-exhausting contrivance. To prevent collapse of the walls underatmospheric pressure when the air in the space is rarefied byexhaustion, a brace 4 is provided, and this brace is of 8 form and is ofa size propor- 7o tionate to the extent of the hollow wall, so as tostiffen the sides thereof. The S-shaped brace by reason of its peculiarform admits of a minimum amount of material entering into its formationand of the walls being braced at the points subjected to greatest strainand pressure. Provision is had for an appreciable movement of the wallsor sides of the hollow wall at a central point for the purpose presentlyto be explainedby reducing the width of the S-sha-ped brace intermediateof its ends, the reduction in width being greatest centrally of thebrace and diminishing from a central point toward the ends of the saidbrace. While it is contemplated to secure the brace to the walls orsides in any desired way, said walls are shown as provided upon theirinner faces with S-shaped grooves 5, corresponding in size and outlineto the brace 4, so as to receive the edge portions thereof, as clearlyindicated in Fig. 2. This construction allows for a lateral movement ofy the walls or sides, according to the condition of the air confined inthe space. When the air is rarefied by exhaustion, the sides or walls 1and 2 move inward, and as theair approaches normal atmospheric pressurethe walls or sides 1 and 2 move outward to normal position. Advantage istaken of the lateral movements of the sides or walls 1 and 2 to indicatethe toe a pinion 11, attached to or forming a part of' a shaft 13,provided upon its outer end with a pointer 14, which in conjunction witha dial 15 indicates the degree of rarefaction of the air in the space 7.An inward movement of the wall or side 1 carries the stud 8 inward andmoves the pivot connection 16 between said stud and the lever 6 towardthe wall or side 2, thereby turning the lever 6 upon the pivotconnection 17 between it and the stud 9 and carrying the toothed segment10 toward the said wall 2 and imparting a rotary movement to the shaft13 and pointer 14. An inward movement of the side or wall 2 causes thepivot connection 17 to move inward or toward the wall 1 and the lever 6to turn upon the pivot-fastening 16, whereby the toothed segment 10 isadvanced toward the said wall 2. As the air is exhausted from the space7 both walls or sides 1 and 2 move in simultaneously, and the degree ofmovement of each combines to throw the segment 10 in the same direction.Hence a very small movement of the walls 1 and 2 will effect anappreciable movement of the lever G and toothed segment 10 and can bedetermined by reference to the pointer 14 and dial 15, so as to makeknown the degree of exhaustion in the space 7. Should air enter thespace 7 from any cause, the density of the rarefied air will beincreased, and the sides or walls 1 and 2 being relieved in a measurefrom external pressure will move outward and effect retrograde movementof the pointer 14, so as to indicate the exact condition of the airconfined in the space 7.

Having thus described the invention, What is claimed as new is 1. Ahollow wall having S-shaped grooves or seats in the inner faces ofitssides, and a brace of corresponding S shape having its edge portionsfitted in the grooves or seats of the said sides of the wall,substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with a hollow wall adapted to have the air exhaustedfrom its space, indicating mechanism for determining the degree ofrarefaction of the air inclosed within the space of the said wall andcontrolled by the lateral movement of the sides of'the said wall,substantially as set forth.

3. In combination with ahollow wall adapted to have the air exhaustedfrom the space thereof, studs spaced apart and extended inward from thesides of the said wall, a lever pivotally connected to the inner ends ofsaid studs, and an indicating mechanism actuated by the said lever todetermine the degree of rarefaction of the air in the space of the saidwall, substantially as described.

4. In combination with a hollow wall adapted to have the air exhaustedfrom the space thereof, studs extended inwardly from the sides of thesaid Wall, a lever pivotally connected to the inner ends of said studs,and having a toothed segment at its outer end, a shaft provided with apinion in mesh with the said toothed segment, a pointer appliedto saidshaft, and a dial for cooperation with the pointer, substantially as setforth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

. ADOLFO DE GLAIRMONT. [It s] Witnesses: I H. O. POHLMAN, ANNA POHLMAN.

